Are you curious about trying buldak carbonara but find yourself wondering, “Is it really that good?” “How spicy is it?” “What about allergies or calories?” You’re not alone—these concerns are common.
Since its release in 2017, buldak carbonara has sold hundreds of millions of servings in over 80 countries worldwide, sparking explosive buzz on social media. Developed by Korea’s Samyang, this product flawlessly blends the rich creaminess of Italian carbonara with buldak’s signature “super-spicy chicken” flavor. Even the package design captures the world of “spicy × milky.”
Yet, many people hesitate—“How is it different from other flavors?” “Which type should I pick?” There’s a lot to consider, from Scoville ratings and nutritional facts to real user reviews, cooking tips, and information on limited-edition products.
By reading this article, you’ll get expert, firsthand information that answers every question you have about buldak carbonara—from its unique features to spiciness, creative variations, and ways to purchase. Don’t let yourself become someone who says, “If only I’d known sooner…” Arm yourself with the right knowledge and discover the perfect bowl for you.
- What is buldak carbonara? Key Facts & Why It’s So Popular
- The Origin of buldak carbonara and Its Market Position
- Features and Flavor Concept of buldak carbonara
- Thorough Comparative Analysis of buldak carbonara’s Flavor, Spiciness, and Aroma
- Detailed Nutrition, Calorie, and Allergy Information for buldak carbonara
- Basic Preparation Method and Recommended Recipe Arrangements for buldak carbonara
- Basic Cooking Steps and Tips for Success – Noodle Boiling Time, How to Mix the Soup, Spice Adjustment
- Popular Variations Using Cheese, Milk, and Egg – Boost Creaminess, Soften Heat, and Enhance Umami
- Tteokbokki and Rice Arrangements with buldak carbonara – Korean Street Food Style, Creative Use for Leftover Sauce
- buldak carbonara Variations and Limited Edition Product Information
- Where to Buy in Japan and Abroad – Stores & Price Comparison
- buldak carbonara: Safety, Health Risks, and Latest News
- Reviews, Reputation, and User Experiences with buldak carbonara
- Summary of Ways to Enjoy and Make the Most of buldak carbonara
- 関連記事
- 最新記事
What is buldak carbonara? Key Facts & Why It’s So Popular
buldak carbonara is a standout product from the Korean instant noodle brand Samyang, which has attracted worldwide attention. The name “buldak” means “fire chicken” in Korean, and the line is famous for its ultra-spicy chicken ramen. Among them, buldak carbonara introduces a new sensation, fusing Korea’s signature heat with the creamy flavor of Italian carbonara.
Since its launch, it’s become a hot topic on social media, with countless challenge videos and recipe variations shared on YouTube and Instagram. The market now spans Asia, Europe, the U.S., Japan, and beyond—making it easy to find at local supermarkets and online shops. Its exquisite balance of heat and creaminess has gained enthusiastic support across generations.
buldak carbonara comes in a variety of forms, including packet noodles, cup noodles, and even buldak carbonara tteokbokki (spicy rice cakes). Here’s a comparison of the main product lineup:
| Product Name | Form | Features |
|---|---|---|
| buldak carbonara ramen | Packet | Chewy noodles & creamy spiciness |
| buldak carbonara cup | Cup | Single-serving size for easy enjoyment |
| buldak carbonara tteokbokki | Tteokbokki | Combination of sticky rice cakes and rich sauce |
The Origin of buldak carbonara and Its Market Position
buldak carbonara made its debut around 2017 as a new addition to Samyang’s staple “Hot Chicken Flavor Ramen” series. In the midst of the spicy ramen boom, this flavor was created to appeal to a broader audience by blending a creamy sauce with Korea’s signature spiciness. Inspired by Italian carbonara pasta, it harmoniously balances Korea’s “fire” flavor with a smooth, rich taste.
In the market, it’s especially popular among those who aren’t fans of extreme heat, offering a milder experience than the standard buldak series—which has earned it many repeat customers. Right after its release, it spread explosively on social media, with recipes and creative ideas for “buldak carbonara ramen” being shared around the world. Its popularity continues to grow, now available in dozens of countries, and search terms like “buldak carbonara near me” show just how high the demand has become.
Features and Flavor Concept of buldak carbonara
The standout feature of buldak carbonara is the skillful fusion of the creamy sauce found in Italian carbonara with the spiciness characteristic of the Korean buldak series. The noodles have a chewy texture, and the sauce is a well-balanced blend of cheese powder, cream powder, chili, garlic, and other ingredients. This results in a rich, flavorful taste that harmonizes perfectly with a sharp spiciness.
The package design is also carefully crafted, featuring the character “Hochi” against a pink background, creating a striking contrast between cuteness and spiciness. Its appearance makes it perfect for sharing on social media, and the moment you open it, your anticipation builds. Details on calories and nutritional content are listed on the side of the package, demonstrating consideration for those who are health-conscious.
buldak carbonara stands apart from traditional spicy ramen, with many original arrangements using “buldak carbonara ramen hack” or “buldak carbonara powder” being shared on social media. The ability to adjust the spiciness or add toppings to suit your own tastes is another reason for its popularity.
Thorough Comparative Analysis of buldak carbonara’s Flavor, Spiciness, and Aroma
buldak carbonara features a unique creaminess and spiciness even among Samyang’s popular Korean instant noodles. The intense heat of regular buldak ramen is mellowed by a carbonara-style cream sauce, resulting in a mild richness. The base delivers robust chicken flavor, complemented by hints of garlic and black pepper. The buldak carbonara sauce is especially rich and coats the noodles well. Its spiciness tends to feel milder, making it approachable even for those who aren’t fond of spicy food.
Comparing buldak carbonara with Other Flavors (rose, black, original, etc.) – Spiciness Levels, Flavor Differences, and Selection Tips
The table below compares buldak carbonara with other popular flavors.
| Product Name | Spiciness (out of 5) | Flavor/Features | Recommended For |
|---|---|---|---|
| buldak carbonara | 3 | Creamy, rich, strong umami | Those who prefer mild heat and richness |
| buldak original | 5 | Extremely spicy, chicken umami, stimulating | True fans of intense spice |
| buldak rose | 2.5 | Tomato-cream tang, mellow | Popular with those sensitive to heat and with women |
| buldak black | 4 | Double spice, balance of umami and heat | Those who want both spice and flavor |
When selecting, choose original or black for heat, carbonara or rose for creaminess. If you value noodle texture or rich sauce, carbonara is ideal.
Objective Evaluation of Scoville Values and Perceived Spiciness – Analysis Based on Numerical Data and User Reviews
The buldak series’ Scoville value (SHU: Scoville Heat Unit) has garnered global attention. buldak carbonara sits at around 2,600 SHU, clearly milder compared to original (4,404 SHU) or black (4,000 SHU). This is because the dairy content in the carbonara sauce helps moderate the heat.
User reviews frequently share comments such as:
- “It’s spicy, but the creaminess makes it easy to eat.”
- “The original hits you with heat the moment you take a bite, but carbonara’s spiciness comes on gradually.”
- “Rose is even milder.”
For those who aren’t good with spicy foods or are trying buldak ramen for the first time, carbonara is a well-balanced choice. Those who enjoy intense spice should opt for original or black to experience a stronger kick.
Detailed Nutrition, Calorie, and Allergy Information for buldak carbonara
buldak carbonara is a popular instant ramen from Korea’s Samyang Foods. Known for its intense spiciness and creamy flavor, it has garnered attention from ramen fans worldwide. For those concerned about health, dieting, or allergies, here is a detailed explanation of the calories, nutrition, and allergenic ingredients for each product type.
Comparison of Nutrition by Type (Cup, Pack, Bowl) – Differences and Tips for Choosing
buldak carbonara comes in three types: cup, pack, and bowl, each differing in serving size and nutritional content. The table below compares the main nutritional values and calories.
| Type | Serving Size (g) | Calories (kcal) | Protein (g) | Fat (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | Sodium (mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cup | 105 | 425 | 9 | 15 | 63 | 1110 |
| Pack | 130 | 550 | 11 | 18 | 83 | 1260 |
| Bowl | 105 | 420 | 8 | 14 | 62 | 1100 |
Tips for Choosing
- If you want to keep calories low, the cup or bowl type is recommended
- If you want greater satisfaction, the pack type is best
- All types share the same spiciness and creaminess, but the feeling of fullness and flavor will vary based on the serving size
Allergenic Ingredients and Health Notes – Details on Dairy, Wheat, Egg, and More
buldak carbonara contains several allergens. Always check the ingredient list before purchasing or consuming.
| Included Allergen | Details |
|---|---|
| Wheat | Contained in the noodles and soup powder |
| Dairy | Found in the carbonara sauce and powder |
| Egg | Present in some products |
| Soy | Present in soy sauce and seasonings |
| Chicken | Derived from chicken extract |
Points to Note
- If you have dairy, wheat, or egg allergies, be sure to take caution
- The spiciness is strong, so those with sensitive stomachs or low spice tolerance should try a small amount first
- It is high in salt and calories, so those managing their health should be mindful of frequency and portion size
- Adding milk or cheese as an arrangement will further increase dairy content
While buldak carbonara can be enjoyed in many ways, it’s important to be mindful of allergies and health considerations. Check the ingredient and nutrition labels carefully, and enjoy with confidence.
Basic Preparation Method and Recommended Recipe Arrangements for buldak carbonara
Basic Cooking Steps and Tips for Success – Noodle Boiling Time, How to Mix the Soup, Spice Adjustment
To bring out the full deliciousness of buldak carbonara ramen, correct cooking steps and a few tips are essential. First, boil the noodles in rapidly boiling water for about 4 minutes to retain a chewy texture. Drain the noodles well, return them to the pot, and mix with the buldak carbonara sauce and powder. If you want to adjust the spiciness, you can reduce the amount of sauce or add milk to mellow the flavor.
The table below organizes the cooking flow and key points.
| Step | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Boil the noodles | 4 minutes is the standard. Adjust firmness to taste. |
| Drain | Drain the water thoroughly. |
| Mix in sauce and powder | Mix well. You can adjust the spiciness. |
| Plate | Add toppings as desired. |
To fully enjoy the spicy, rich flavor, it’s important to master the basics of preparation.
Popular Variations Using Cheese, Milk, and Egg – Boost Creaminess, Soften Heat, and Enhance Umami
One of the great appeals of buldak carbonara ramen is how versatile it is for creative tweaks. Especially by adding cheese, milk, or egg, you can boost the creaminess and make the spiciness more mellow. Here are some recommended variations:
- Add melting cheese: After mixing the noodles and sauce, add pizza cheese and heat again for a rich, deep flavor.
- Mix in milk: Add milk to the cooked noodles and mix for a café-style, mild carbonara sauce.
- Top with egg yolk: Placing an egg yolk on top at the end adds even more umami and richness.
For those who aren’t fond of too much spice or want to enjoy it with family, these variations are especially recommended. Since you can adjust the flavor to your liking, this has become a highly popular repeat recipe.
Tteokbokki and Rice Arrangements with buldak carbonara – Korean Street Food Style, Creative Use for Leftover Sauce
buldak carbonara sauce isn’t just for noodles—it can be used in a variety of dishes. Especially popular are tteokbokki (Korean rice cakes) and rice-based arrangements, both easily made at home.
- buldak carbonara tteokbokki: Boil store-bought tteokbokki (Korean rice cakes), then mix with buldak carbonara sauce for a dish with a chewy texture and a rich, spicy-sweet sauce.
- Rice arrangement: Simply mix leftover sauce or ingredients with white rice to create a spicy and creamy risotto-style dish.
- Rice balls or fried rice: Use buldak carbonara powder or sauce to make fried rice or rice balls—also highly recommended.
One of buldak carbonara’s charms is how you can make use of leftover sauce in so many dishes, not letting anything go to waste. You can easily enjoy the feeling of Korean street food right at home.
buldak carbonara Variations and Limited Edition Product Information
buldak carbonara is a popular instant noodle from Korea, featuring a unique, new taste that fuses spicy buldak and creamy carbonara. There are various versions and limited editions, each with its own appeal. Below, we introduce everything from cup noodles to powders, seasonings, and new flavors.
Cup Noodles Features and Microwave Cooking Guide – Convenience, Flavor Differences, and Cooking Variations
buldak carbonara cup noodles combine convenience with authentic flavor and are a popular product. Because they can be cooked in the microwave, you can quickly enjoy delicious buldak carbonara ramen even when busy or at the office. The cup type has a slightly different noodle texture and sauce richness compared to the packet version, with a creamy sauce that coats the noodles thoroughly.
Here are the main steps for microwave cooking:
- Open the lid halfway and take out the powder and sauce.
- Pour hot water over the noodles, close the lid, and heat for the specified time.
- Drain the water, then add the sauce and powder and mix well.
Cup noodles can be easily found at convenience stores or online shops as buldak carbonara cup, and are convenient for carrying around. Depending on the packaging, you may see names like “Buldak Carbonara Cup Noodles” or “Buldak Carbonara Cup Pack.”
How to Use the Powder and Seasoning – Original Flavor Customization Recipes
The buldak carbonara powder and seasoning are versatile condiments that can be used on many dishes besides noodles. buldak carbonara powder is perfect for fried rice, pasta, tteokbokki, and other creative recipes.
Here are some recommended ways to enjoy it:
- Mix it with rice for “buldak carbonara fried rice”
- Combine with eggs or cheese for a “creamy omelet”
- Use as seasoning for tteokbokki or chicken
- Sprinkle on salads or potatoes for an extra kick
Sometimes the powder is sold separately, or you can find it as “Buldak Carbonara seasoning powder” or “Buldak Carbonara powder packets.” By customizing the spiciness or creaminess to your liking, you can discover new charms in buldak carbonara.
Latest Limited Editions and New Flavors (Such as Volcano Carbonara) – Product Features and Rarity
The buldak carbonara series keeps introducing new limited-time or limited-quantity flavors. In particular, “Volcano Carbonara” is known for its even more intense spiciness and rich sauce compared to the regular buldak carbonara ramen. Since these limited editions are only available at certain stores and times, they are highly sought after and popular as collectibles or gifts.
List of New Flavors and Limited Products
| Product Name | Features | Availability |
|---|---|---|
| Buldak Carbonara Volcano | Super spicy & extra creamy | High |
| Rose Buldak Carbonara | Mild with rose sauce | Medium |
| Buldak Carbonara Black | Premium, deep flavor | High |
| Buldak Carbonara Cup Limited | Convenient cup style for on-the-go | Low to Medium |
Limited editions are often found at online shops and international grocery stores, and depending on the season, they may sell out or become premium-priced. If you’re interested, it’s best to purchase early.
Where to Buy in Japan and Abroad – Stores & Price Comparison
List and Features of Retailers in Japan – Comparing Supermarkets, Korean Grocery Stores, and Online Shops
There are various ways to get buldak carbonara in Japan. First, major supermarkets are increasingly carrying it at Korean fairs or in their imported food sections. Next, Korean grocery stores and Asian markets offer a wide selection, including buldak carbonara ramen and cup types, making them ideal if you want to see the products in person before buying. Furthermore, online shops like Amazon, Rakuten, and Yahoo! Shopping make it easy to compare and purchase. Online exclusives, bulk deals, and a variety of buldak carbonara flavors are also attractive features.
Main Places to Buy
- Major supermarkets (Aeon, Ito-Yokado, etc.)
- Korean grocery stores (Shin-Okubo, etc.)
- Online shops (Amazon, Rakuten, Yahoo!)
Tips for Overseas Shopping and Recommended Sites – Quality Control, Shipping Fees, and Counterfeit Prevention
Many people want to buy limited or new buldak carbonara flavors from overseas, but there are a few things to watch out for. Most importantly, choose official stores or trusted major shopping sites. Since buldak carbonara ramen and buldak carbonara powder sometimes have lookalikes or counterfeits, always check reviews and sales history. Imported goods might experience quality changes during long shipping, so check the packaging and expiration date when they arrive. Shipping costs are often added to the product price, but buying in bulk can sometimes save money. Recommended sites include Amazon Global, Qoo10, and YesStyle.
Shopping Tips List
- Use official or major online retailers
- Check product reviews and sales records
- Inspect expiration dates and packaging upon receipt
- Confirm shipping fees and customs charges in advance
Price Comparison Table (By Product Type and Sales Channel) – Cost-Effective Options
| Product Type | Physical Store (Avg. Price) | Online Shop (Avg. Price) | Overseas Store (Avg. Price + Shipping) |
|---|---|---|---|
| buldak carbonara ramen (pack) | 250–350 yen/pack | 220–400 yen/pack | 180–350 yen/pack + shipping |
| buldak carbonara cup | 320–450 yen/cup | 290–500 yen/cup | 250–420 yen/cup + shipping |
| buldak carbonara powder | 600–1,000 yen/pack | 580–1,200 yen/pack | 550–1,100 yen/pack + shipping |
Prices may fluctuate depending on the season, sales events, or quantity purchased, but if you’re focused on cost performance, buying in bulk from online shops is recommended. If you want to try new flavors as soon as they’re released, using overseas stores is also a good option. Be sure to choose reliable shops or websites, and select the best purchase method to suit your needs.
buldak carbonara: Safety, Health Risks, and Latest News
Additives & Ingredients Analysis – Health Risk and Safety Guidelines
buldak carbonara is a popular instant ramen from Korea, known for its distinctive spiciness and creamy flavor. Checking the ingredient list on the package reveals that the main components are noodle materials such as wheat flour, vegetable oil, and potato starch, along with buldak carbonara sauce, which includes chili extract, dairy products, cheese powder, sugar, seasonings, thickeners, flavors, and emulsifiers.
Particular additives to watch out for are as follows:
- Chili extract & spices: Strong spicy ingredients. Those with sensitive stomachs or who are sensitive to spicy foods should take care.
- Emulsifiers, thickeners, flavors: Common food additives used in many instant foods, but it is recommended to avoid excessive intake.
- Dairy products & cheese powder: If you have allergies, always check the ingredient list.
Each serving contains about 550–600 kcal, and is comparatively high in fat, carbohydrates, and salt. If you are health-conscious, it’s advisable to adjust your intake frequency and pair it with side dishes such as salad or protein.
Below is an example of the ingredients:
| Ingredient | Role / Features |
|---|---|
| Wheat Flour | Main ingredient for noodles |
| Vegetable Oil | Enhances flavor and texture |
| Chili Extract | Adds spiciness |
| Cheese Powder | Provides creamy flavor |
| Emulsifiers/Thickeners | Adjusts texture and mixability |
| Flavoring | Adds aroma |
| Seasoning (amino acids, etc.) | Adds umami |
Excessive consumption can lead to too much salt or fat intake, so it is important to enjoy it while considering the intake guidelines on the package and your own health status.
Online Warnings, Rumors, and Official Statements – Reliability of Information and How to Respond
buldak carbonara is sometimes discussed on social media and review sites as being “extremely spicy” or “possibly bad for your health,” but in reality, it’s important to make decisions based on accurate information.
In recent years, there have been rumors that instant ramen in general “contains carcinogenic substances,” but Samyang products, including buldak carbonara, clear import standards in Japan and other countries, and are sold in accordance with food sanitation laws. Allergy information and nutritional facts are clearly stated on the package, and ingredient safety checks are thoroughly implemented.
Here is a summary of common online rumors and the official stance.
- Rumors of carcinogenic substances: There is no scientific basis for these claims, and the product is distributed only after meeting food safety standards.
- Health risks from excessive spiciness: The spicy ingredients can irritate the digestive tract, so those who are sensitive or children should adjust the amount accordingly.
- Allergy risks: Since the product contains dairy and wheat, those with allergies should check the ingredient list beforehand.
If you want to verify highly reliable information, it is safest to refer to official brand websites or data released by import agents. To protect your health, make sure to properly check the ingredients and nutritional content, and enjoy the product according to your own physical condition and constitution. Also, for the latest news on new buldak carbonara flavors or product improvements, it’s reassuring to regularly check official announcements and news releases.
Reviews, Reputation, and User Experiences with buldak carbonara
Real User Feedback on Purchasing, Cooking, and Taste – A Balanced Mix of Positive and Negative Opinions
Buldak carbonara is enjoyed by many as a spicy instant noodle from Korea. Here, we’ve compiled concerns before purchase, cooking tips, and genuine feedback from people who have actually tried it.
| User Feedback | Positive Opinions | Negative Opinions |
|---|---|---|
| Before Purchase | “The spiciness was all the buzz, so it took me some courage to buy it for the first time, but I gave it a try on a friend’s recommendation.” | “I heard from reviews that it’s really spicy, and since I’m not good with spicy foods I was a bit worried.” |
| Cooking | “If you follow the instructions, you can’t go wrong, and the chewy noodles are delicious.” | “When I used all the sauce, it was too spicy, so I should have used only half.” |
| Taste | “The balance between creaminess and spiciness is perfect.” “It’s even better with added cheese.” | “The calories are higher than I expected, which is a concern.” “It was so spicy I couldn’t finish it.” |
Many people enjoy the unique combination of spiciness and creamy sauce in “buldak carbonara ramen,” but there are also notable comments about the spiciness, calorie content, and sauce quantity during preparation. Especially for first-timers, it’s recommended to adjust the amount of sauce and find the flavor that suits your taste.
Popular Ways to Eat and Arrange It on Social Media – Highlights from Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube
On social media, a wide variety of buldak carbonara arrangements are being shared, and its popularity is growing worldwide. Below are some of the most talked-about ways to enjoy it and creative arrangements.
- Popular Twitter Posts
- “Add milk and simmer for a milder, easier-to-eat flavor.”
- “Top it with a fried egg or cheese for extra volume.”
- Notable Arrangements on Instagram
- “Arrange it tteokbokki-style by adding chewy rice cakes (mochi).”
- “Use the cup type and cook in the microwave for a quick and foolproof meal.”
- Trending Recipes on YouTube
- As a “buldak carbonara ramen hack,” add butter or garlic for extra richness.
- Videos comparing “buldak carbonara vs cream carbonara” explain the unique features of each.
Buldak carbonara cup noodles, as well as dishes like rice balls and fried rice using buldak carbonara powder, are also rapidly gaining popularity. By referencing social media, you can explore ways to enjoy it beyond the standard. Why not find your own favorite arrangement?
Summary of Ways to Enjoy and Make the Most of buldak carbonara
Key Tips for Beginners and Recommended Uses – Cooking Precautions and Tricks You’ll Want to Repeat
Buldak carbonara is a popular instant noodle from Korea, known for its rich cream sauce and perfectly balanced spicy sauce. When cooking it for the first time, following these tips will help you prepare it deliciously without failure:
Precautions during cooking
- Boil the noodles slightly less than the specified time: To bring out the chewy texture, it’s best to drain them about a minute earlier.
- Pay attention to the amount of water left after draining: For a richer soup, leave about 30ml of cooking water.
- Always add the sauce after turning off the heat: Since it burns easily, turn off the heat before adding the sauce and mix well with the noodles.
Tips for Making It Irresistible to Repeat
- Topping with egg yolk or melty cheese makes the spiciness milder and gives it a creamier flavor.
- Adding milk or fresh cream as a variation enhances the richness and transforms it into an addictive taste.
The table below summarizes key points and recommended variations when preparing buldak carbonara.
| Point | Details |
|---|---|
| Noodle boiling time | Recommended to boil 1 minute less than the indicated time |
| Amount of reserved water | About 30ml helps the sauce blend better |
| How to mix the sauce | Mix thoroughly after turning off the heat |
| Recommended toppings | Egg yolk, cheese, milk, fresh cream, etc. |
| Ways to mellow the spiciness | Add milk or cheese for a creamier taste |
Easy Entertaining and Party Recipe Ideas with buldak carbonara – Suggestions for Enjoying at the Table
buldak carbonara is convenient for solo meals, but with a little creativity, it also shines as a dish for entertaining or parties. When serving a group, adding extra ingredients to boost volume is recommended.
Party-Friendly Variations
- Cheese Fondue Style Serve buldak carbonara on a large platter, pile plenty of melty cheese in the center, and microwave it. Once the cheese has melted, everyone can help themselves and enjoy.
- buldak carbonara tteokbokki Style Add Korean rice cakes, sausage, and vegetables, then simmer for a hearty dish. The spicy sauce pairs perfectly with the chewy texture.
- Cup-Style Party Use buldak carbonara cup noodles, prepare your favorite toppings (bacon, mushrooms, corn, etc.), and let everyone customize their own bowl—sure to liven up the party.
List of Creative Ideas
- Serve with mini rice balls or soft-boiled eggs for extra substance
- Add colorful vegetables (broccoli, bell peppers) for a vibrant look
- Pair with kimchi or namul as side dishes for a Korean-style plate
These creative arrangements will spark lively conversation at the table and let you discover new charms of buldak carbonara. Be sure to use it for entertaining that balances ease and deliciousness.
コメント